Olympus Mons is the tallest volcano and largest mountain in the solar system, located on Mars. It stands approximately 21.9 kilometers (13.6 miles) high, which is nearly three times the height of Mount Everest, and has a base diameter of about 600 kilometers (370 miles), roughly the size of Arizona.
This shield volcano was formed by repeated eruptions of basaltic lava, which flowed over long distances, resulting in its broad, gently sloping profile. Its summit features a large caldera complex, approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) wide, with overlapping craters formed by multiple collapses.
Olympus Mons is located in the Tharsis region, a volcanic plateau also home to several other large volcanoes. The volcano’s sheer size is attributed to Mars’ lack of tectonic plate movement, which allowed lava to accumulate in one area for billions of years. Surrounding Olympus Mons are steep cliffs called the basal escarpment, rising up to 6 kilometers (4 miles) high, marking the boundary of its massive lava flows.
This geological marvel offers valuable insights into volcanic activity, planetary evolution, and the geological history of Mars.
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