Goliath & Leviathan Numbers – Numberphile



Featuring Tony Padilla. See all three videos in this Apocalyptic Trilogy ā€“ https://bit.ly/ApocalypticTrilogy
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The other two videos in this trilogy are:
Apocalyptic Numbers ā€“ https://youtu.be/0LkBwCSMsX4
Primes and Fibonacci with 666 digits ā€“ https://youtu.be/KXO2l7Kh60A

Extra James Stirling snippet ā€“ https://youtu.be/I8qAp-DXWjw

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Big Numbers Playlist ā€“ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5AfwLFPxWJ_FwchNAjB3xa8UnoKdmQI

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The picture of demon legions were AI generated and are not real demons.

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46 thoughts on “Goliath & Leviathan Numbers – Numberphile”

  1. Proving 666!^(666!) > (100^666)! without using Stirling's formula.
    Since 666! > 100*101*102…*666 > 100^500 = 10^1000 > 10^666, so 666!^(666!) > (100^666)^(10^666) > (100^666)!

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  2. It bothers me when people say stuff like that about doppelgangers. Assuming there were infinite universes, there's no reason to assume that you would have all possible configurations of matter. You could simply have an infinite number of universes with a single hydrogen atom, or any other arbitrary configuration.

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  3. Interesting to see Dr. Rickert in this video. I studied under him, very briefly – never took a full class, but he went over answers to a Putnam competition and I watched him do math way over my head for about an hour.

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  4. So, does G666 catch up to Tree(3)? If not, do G of any of these numbers pull it off?

    Of course, Tree(666), Tree(Leviathan), Tree(Legion), etc. are worth considering…

    ANd perhaps Busy Beaver of 666 should be called Behemoth if that name isn't already taken among numbers or there's a demon associated with working hard.

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  5. When people talk about the inevitability of duplicates in a sufficiently large universe (or similarly, the idea that every possible digit sequence might appear in pi), I'm never satisfied with the argument. I understand that a sufficiently large universe will have SOME duplicates… but then the next claim after that is that EVERYTHING has a duplicate. What's the missing step? I remain unconvinced. What's the problem here? Is it that there IS a rigorous proof but it's too hard to explain in informal ways so nobody's managed to communicate it yet?

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  6. Since Tony mentioned the Stirling approximation, this video ought to give an inspiration for another series of videos: interesting approximations in the world of mathematics. I know some approximations were covered in previous numberphile videos, but why not make a series out of them? Brady please do your magic!

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  7. John Rickert was once a professor of mine! He is such a sharp guy and a wonderful teacher. I remember that he held his students to a high standard, and his enthusiasm for math was very infectious to me.

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  8. People complaining about "this is too arbitrary" are missing the point. These exercises are for finding ways to work with large numbers in a way our minds can understand. Like…infinity is really, really, really big. There's an infinite number of infinities within infinite. Picking a number like 666 can help us look for patterns in something that's otherwise complete gibberish to the human brain.

    There's obviously practical applications for infinite, but it often becomes so abstract we forget what it actually means. Taking a tiny, teeny sliver of it helps our understanding of large numbers.

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  9. Since it appears in the last 3000 digits, and they don't know if it's the smallest. I'm guessing that they discovered it by only keeping the last ~3000 digits for each multiplication of 2, and they just kept going until the goliath sequence appeared? So it's proof of a goliath number, but they only checked the last ~3000 digits of each value of 2^n. Probably used a higher digit count than 3000 to check, but it illustrates my point.

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  10. 7:20 Since we're just looking for a comparison, there's a much easier approach that doesn't require Sterling's approximation. By considering the expanded form, one can see (1E666)! is significantly less than (1E666)^(1E666). Then we can take the logarithm: log((1E666)^(1E666)) = 1E666 * log (1E666) = 1E666 * 666, which is clearly less than the other log value, ~1.6E1596 (at 7:02).

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  11. Another fun way of generating these devilish numbers would be 666 pentated 666 times. Should be a much bigger number!
    EDIT: 11:00 Side note, looks like the Superfactorial is just a specific type on tetration, one stage lower than pentation!

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  12. I have solved continuum hypothesis problem , please refer to research gate with title : Foundation and logic of set theory , replacing all relevant axiomatic system (ZFC or arithmetic) with solution to Russell's paradox , solving continuum hypothesis , DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23990.31045

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  13. Please don't use AI art. It's made through theft of artists' labour. The only way for to get a data pool large enough to create them is by scraping the internet, which not only violates the rights of artists, but also leads to the data pool including private and sensitive images, medical records, as well as material like CSEM. Nothing about how AI art is made is ethical.

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  14. It was stated that Graham's Number is larger than the numbers mentioned in this video, but Graham's Number is notated as G64 because it is the sixty-fourth number in the defining sequence. Would there be any apocalyptic significance of the number G666 in that defining sequence? Would there be any apocalyptic significance in using the number 666 rather than three in defining the sequence analogous to the sequence used in defining Graham's Number?

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