Surah Luqman (Chapter 31) of the Quran is named after the wise man, Luqman, who is known for his wisdom. In this Surah, Allah recounts some of the wise advice Luqman gave to his son. These pieces of advice are valuable teachings for all believers. Here’s a summary of both Surah Luqman and Luqman’s advice to his son:Surah Luqman Overview:The Surah begins by praising the Quran as a book of guidance and mercy for those who do good deeds.It contrasts those who follow Allah’s guidance with those who are heedless and turn away from His signs.The Surah emphasizes gratitude, wisdom, and the Oneness of Allah, particularly through the example of Luqman.Luqman is mentioned as a wise man, though he is not identified as a prophet.Luqman’s Advice to His Son:Luqman’s advice to his son is mentioned in verses 13-19. These verses contain timeless lessons on faith, morality, and good conduct:Avoid Shirk (Associating Partners with Allah):Verse 13: Luqman begins by teaching his son the most important lesson: not to commit shirk. He emphasizes that associating partners with Allah is a grave injustice (zulm).”O my son, do not associate [anything] with Allah. Indeed, association [with Him] is great injustice.” (31:13)Be Dutiful to Parents:Verses 14-15: Luqman reminds his son of the duty to be kind and respectful towards parents, acknowledging the hardship the mother endures in carrying and weaning the child. However, if parents urge their child to commit shirk, they should not be obeyed in this matter, but they should still be treated with kindness.”And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination.” (31:14)Allah’s Awareness of Everything:Verse 16: Luqman teaches his son that even the smallest deed, as small as a mustard seed, whether hidden in a rock, in the heavens, or the earth, is known to Allah. This emphasizes the idea of accountability and that Allah’s knowledge encompasses all.”O my son, indeed if it [i.e., a deed] should be the weight of a mustard seed and should be within a rock or [anywhere] in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and Acquainted.” (31:16)Establish Prayer:Verse 17: Luqman advises his son to be consistent in performing prayer (Salah), which is a fundamental act of worship and connection to Allah.”O my son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over what befalls you. Indeed, [all] that is of the matters [requiring] determination.” (31:17)Enjoin Good and Forbid Evil:Verse 17: Along with establishing prayer, Luqman encourages his son to promote good actions and discourage wrong actions, reflecting the responsibility of believers to maintain morality in society.Patience in Adversity:Verse 17: Luqman reminds his son that facing difficulties with patience is a mark of strong character and faith.Avoid Arrogance and Pride:Verse 18: Luqman warns his son against pride and arrogance, advising him not to turn his face away from people or walk boastfully on the earth. Humility is a virtue praised by Allah.”And do not turn your cheek [in contempt] toward people and do not walk through the earth exultantly. Indeed, Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful.” (31:18)Moderation in Speech and Conduct:Verse 19: Finally, Luqman advises his son to be moderate in his walk and to lower his voice, as loud voices (like the braying of donkeys) are unpleasant. This advice reflects the importance of humility, calmness, and gentleness in one’s behavior.”And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most disagreeable of sounds is the voice of donkeys.” (31:19)Key Lessons from Luqman’s Advice:The importance of pure monotheism and avoiding shirk.The duty to respect and care for parents, while maintaining loyalty to Allah.Allah’s omniscience, holding us accountable for all our actions, even the smallest.The significance of prayer, moral responsibility, patience, humility, and modesty in speech and action.Luqman’s wisdom serves as guidance for leading a righteous life, emphasizing the virtues of faith, morality, humility, and kindness in all aspects of life.
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