Greek War of Independence 1821-32 – Greek & Ottoman History DOCUMENTARY

30 thoughts on “Greek War of Independence 1821-32 – Greek & Ottoman History DOCUMENTARY”

1. Thanks to Kamikoto for sponsoring this video! Get an additional $50 off on any purchase with code Kings during their Black Friday Sale. Go to https://kamikoto.com/Kings and help support the channel!

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2. Hellenic states of the Seleucids, Macedonia, Achaean League, Aetolian League, Kingdom of Pergamon, Ptolemaics etc. all got destroyed by Roman Empire which resulted as ending of Hellenistic era and post Roman Greece was basically a playground for Romans, Turks, Slavs, Albanians, Thracians, Illyrians, Armenians, Italians and Germanic peoples as we all know

   Hellenic rule in Greece broadly ended with the Roman conquest of Greece resulting with a dominant Roman, Turkic, and Germanic rule whereas only 3 short lived Hellenic dynasties, Komnenids, Angelids and Laskarids, managed to rule Grece

   Foreign rule in Greece;

   Achaemenid dynasty (Iranic)
   
   Nerva–Antonine dynasty (Italic)
   
   Severan dynasty (Punic)
   
   Gordian dynasty (Celtic)
   
   Decian dynasty (Illyrian)
   
   Valerian dynasty (Italic)
   
   Caran dynasty (Illyrian)
   
   Constaninian dynasty (Illyrian)
   
   Valentinian dynasty (Illyrian)
   
   Theodosian dynasty (Hispanian)
   
   Leonid dynasty (Thracian)
   
   Justinian dynasty (Illyrian)
   
   Heraclian dynasty (Armenian)
   
   Isaurian dynasty (Armenian)
   
   Nikephorian dynasty (Arabic)
   
   Dulo dynasty (Turkic)
   
   Krum’s dynasty (Turkic)
   
   Amorian dynasty (Jewish)
   
   Macedonian dynasty (Armenian)
   
   Phokas dynasty (Armenian)
   
   Doukid dynasty (most likely Armenian)
   
   Diogenes dynasty (most likely Armenian)
   
   Principality of Arbanon (Albanian)
   
   Principality of Valona (Slavized Turkic)
   
   Duchy of the Archipelago (Italian)
   
   Kingdom of Cyprus (Germanic)
   
   Kingdom of Thessalonica (Germanic)
   
   Empire of Thessalonica (most likely Armenian)
   
   Latin Empire (Germanic)
   
   Asenid dynasty (Slavized Turkic)
   
   Duchy of Athens (French)
   
   Duchy of Neopatras (Spanish)
   
   Marquisate of Bodonitsa (Germanic)
   
   Lordship of Argos and Nauplia (Germanic)
   
   Lordship of Salona (Germanic)
   
   Lordship of Chios (Italian)
   
   Knights Hospitaller of Rhodes (Germanic)
   
   Principality of Achaea (French)
   
   Palaiologos dynasty (most likely Italic)
   
   Nemanjic dynasty (Slavic)
   
   Despotate of Arta (Albanian)
   
   Despotate of Ioannia (Albanian)
   
   League of Lezhe (Albanian)
   
   Vojivonic dynasty (Slavic)
   
   Venetian dominions in Greece (Italian)
   
   Principality of Lesbos (Italian)
   
   Kingdom of Candia (Italian)
   
   Kingdom of Ioanian Islands (Italian)
   
   Kingdom of the Morea (Italian)
   
   Triarchy of Negroponte (French)
   
   Ottoman dynasty (Turkic)
   
   Pashalik of Berat (Albanian)
   
   Pashalik of Yanina (Albanian)
   
   Pashalik of Scutari (Albanian)
   
   Septinsular Republic (Italian)
   
   House of Wittelsbach (Germanic)
   
   United States of the Ionian Islands (Germanic)
   
   Principality of Samos (Slavic)

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3. Au contraire , with the introduction of Christianity the Greeks of old Hellas , who in part had remained heathen , ranked as second – class citizens ; with the introduction of Christianity the Greeks of old Hellas , who in part had remained heathen , ranked as second – class citizens ; the word “ Hellene " in Byzantium had meant the same as " barbarian " since the third century . The representatives of Byzantium who spoke koine and who called themselves Rhomaioi ( " Romans ' , i.e. ' East Romans ' and not Greeks ), did not bother very much about the rural Greek-speaking popu-lation of Old Hellas, who spoke a tongue drawn from the dialects and sharply diverging from the high reputation of the koine.

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4. In contradistinction to a Julian, an Alexander Severus, a Marcus Aurelius and even a Hadrian, who felt themselves more Greek than Latin, Justinian wished to be a Latin Roman Emperor. He was confirmed in these feelings by his horror of Hellen ism. A Roman Emperor, Justinian was also a Christian Emperor. He considered himself the pillar of the Christian orthodox faith. The Hellenic spirit is profoundly pagan and Justinian abominated it. For him, as for his contem poraries and successors, Hellene was synonymous with pagan and to call anyone by this term was to insult him. The Greek peoples themselves assumed the name Pauaio (Romans). Even to-day Romios is still used by the common people. Hellene is an artificial term revived in the nineteenth century. The capital of the Empire is called Roum by the Arab and Turkish peoples of Asia.

   Lot, F., 2013. End of the Ancient World. Routledge.

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5. Many diverse peoples and languages coexisted within the Byzantine empire (Laiou and Maguire (eds.) 1992), and although Greek was the language of government and high culture and the terms 'Hellene' and even 'Greek' were sometimes applied to themselves by educated members of the elite in Constantinople from the Comnenian period onwards (Stouraitis 2014), Byzantium was not a Greek empire and Greek was never the only language spoken. Nevertheless the Byzantines' sense of themselves rested on a shared mythology of universalism and superiority.

   Linehan, P., Nelson, J. and Costambeys, M., n.d. The medieval world.

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6. " In its final centuries , the Byzantine Empire was also called " Romania . " Remnants of this Roman heritage are still evident in such terms as " Rum " and " Rumeli .

   Georgius, Philippides, M. and Macarius, 1980. The fall of the Byzantine empire. Amherst, MA: Univ. of Massachusetts Pr., p.2.

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7. Given Gennadios ' strong religious and traditional orientation , one would expect him to adhere carefully to the traditional Byzantine nomenclature wherein Hellene signified pagan and Rhomaios Byzantine .

   Ćurčić, S. and Mouriki, D., 2019. The Twilight of Byzantium. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p.9.

   And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes.

   Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century.

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8. " In its final centuries , the Byzantine Empire was also called " Romania . " Remnants of this Roman heritage are still evident in such terms as " Rum " and " Rumeli .

   Georgius, Philippides, M. and Macarius, 1980. The fall of the Byzantine empire. Amherst, MA: Univ. of Massachusetts Pr., p.2.

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9. It is believed that there was some kind of trade route, but the object of exchange is not clear. The Baltic States could offer amber, but the path along the Elbe and then the Danube is better and safer than the path "From the Varangians to the Greeks" invented by idle historians. First, where did the Greeks come from? The Byzantine Empire was officially called the Empire of the Romans, not the Greeks, Hellenes, or whatever. And if we proceed from the northern theory of the formation of the state, then the Veneti Veneti could not know about the Greek-Hellenes, due to the lack of direct contacts. At that time, the word "Hellene" among the Romans meant a pagan and a traitor. And the term Varangian, unknown even among the Scandinavians, at least in Saxon Grammar it does not occur, from the word at all. The way from Wagry sounds more reasonable, and where? If we translate the term "Hellene" as a pagan, then we get that the way from Wagri to the east was the way of pagan pilgrims.

   Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community Kindle Edition by Solovyov Sergey (Author)

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10. 'Greeks' and 'Romans'

    Constantine's city (Constantinople, the city of Constantine') occupied the site of the classical Greek city of Byzantion, whence the term Byzantine' and our use of 'Byzantium', but the citizens of the eastern Empire referred to themselves as 'Romans'. From this came the term Rum, used for the Byzantine empire in Arabic and Turkish sources, and Rumis for the Greek Christian population under the Ottomans. Similarly, Romios was used to denote a Greek until, with the development of the modern Greek state, it came to be replaced by 'Hellene". Though Greek was, and continued to be, the language of Byzantine government and culture a large part of the population at many periods of the empire's history spoke other languages. This was certainly true in the early period when the empire included Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia, whose languages included Coptic, Aramaic and Syriac, as well aatin-speaking North Africa, Italy and Illyricum. The Byzantine success in driving the Vandals from Carthage and North Africa in AD 533-4 led to the introduction of some Greek for official purposes until Carthage eventually fell to the Arabs in 696. At times in later periods large areas of the Balkans came under Byzantine authority, and places formerly under Arab rule were recovered, with the result that the empire included Slavs and Bulgarians on its European side and Muslim populations in the east. By the eighth century, versions of Slavonic appear to have been spoken throughout much of central Europe east of the Elbe'," and some of these regions, with their existing populations, later came for periods under Byzantine rule. Latin, Italian and Hebrew also coexisted with Greek. There were also other changes: in the Comnenian period (1081 1204) 'Hellene' begins to be used as a self-description, and a character in one of the twelfth-century romances is identified as 'a Greek [Hellene] from Cyprus," while in the last phase of the Byzantine state the term 'Hellene' came back into use in conscious evocation of Byzantium's clas sical heritage. In earlier periods, in contrast, the term 'Hellene' denoted pagan ideas or persons, and for the Christian Byzantines it carried very negative connotations. Plato, for example, was considered a 'Hellene', and his philosophy was condemned by the Church, and saints' lives, especially from the early period, are full of improving tales of the dis comfiture of pagans ('Hellenes') by Christian holy men and women; similarly, collections of miracle stories contain anecdotes demonstrating the triumph of Christian healing over 'Hellenic medicine. When the Emperor Justinian collected and codified the law in the sixth century it was Roman law in Latin that his team of lawyers made available to the Latin west and which became the basis of several European law codes."14

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11. My video quality got poor around the 31min mark. But what was that information about an African American from Baltimore helping the Greeks. I can't read the box as my video data sucks right now

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12. Also GREAT VIDEO as always. I was curious about the beginning of the modern Greek nation. Storytelling and the visuals are great and informative.

    Suggestion: Please can yall do a video on how the great Powers dealt with switching from melee, combat to more firearms and muskets. And how that meant changing drilling and how they implemented the tactics.
    Like the progression from Roman army fighting to Mongols to Napoleon army tactics …to civil war tactics to world War 1.

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13. From Ancient Greeks, to Byzantine empire, to modern Greece 🇬🇷

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14. The Greeks are true Eastern Romans, constantly infighting…

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15. Yunanistan nasıl bağımsız anlamıyorum 😂 kralları alman Osmanlı devletinde bile daha fazla Yunan kökenli vardı 9 tane padişahın annesi öz ve öz Yunandı. Pargalı İbrahim paşa Yunandı. Kösem Sultan nilüfer hatun Yunandı 4.murat ve 1.Muratin annesi Yunandı . Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in bile karısı Yunandı. 😡

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16. We avenged navarin in 1915 in Çanakkale. The French and the British wanted to send aid to Russia from Çanakkale and take Turkey. but this time Atatürk and the Turkish nation did not allow it. March 18, 1915 The British and the French were disgraced to the whole world. The Russians did not help. In Greece, on September 9, 1922, he swam in the sea and went from Izmir to Athens.

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17. Short story Albanians +Turks against Greeks

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18. People's awareness of Greek civilization and identity came away gravely damaged after the decline of the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman rule. “Hellene,” the appellation that defined the Greek people, had been abandoned: because Byzantium was part of the Roman Empire, the Greeks had taken to calling themselves Romans, Ῥωμαίοι. At the turn of the nineteenth century, as Ottoman rule waned and Greece regained a sense of its own identity, the language situation was, to put it mildly, paradoxical. The traditional written language had remained largely faithful to ancient Athenian-based Koine, yet it was so removed from the language then spoken that people no longer understood it. And there was no one cultural, political, or social identity strong enough to impose its language on the new Greek society. The only center to safeguard Greekness over the centuries had been the Church, which had done so by conserving ancient Koine. So, people looked to it to provide the revival of Hellenism with a common language.

    When the Greek War of Independence came to an end, the one way to recover a common outlook was to take a step back in time- two thousand years back. In fact, in its infancy, modern Greece established its identity by returning to its roots in Pericles' Athens of fifth century BC. Therefore, the written language that originated from Hellenistic Koine, which itself originated from the lonic-Attic dialect, gave Greece a united language that corresponded to their reacquired sense of national unity.

    Modern Greek pronunciation was achieved by keeping what was common to the majority of Hellenes and eliminating all local quirks. The vowel sounds of Koine remained intact, as did its written form. Modern Greek phonetics is the same as Hellenistic phonetics, though some consonants are pronounced differently. Although the grammatical forms that had disappeared thousands of years before, like aspect, dual number, the optative, and the dative, could not be resurrected, in many regards modern Greek remained ancient. The current language continues to draw a distinction between the present and aorist, retaining all of that distinction's semantic value, and still uses the accusative, nominative, genitive, and vocative cases (though the plural genitive is rarely used, and the nominative and vocative are often mixed up).

    Modern Greek made two surprising innovations. It got rid of infinitive verbs-a feature it shares with the languages of the Balkans-and invented a future tense by paraphrasing the verb "to want": "I will judge" is expressed as a кpivo, "I want to judge"-and therefore "will judge."

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19. Arvanites bore the brunt of the liberation war of 1821. They were combative people whose pride could not tolerate humiliation by slavery. The Arvanite Uprising in 1821 was predominantly carried out by Arvanites of Epirus, Rumelia, Morea, Hydra, Pepe, and Psaron. Arvanites created the komitaji squads under Ottoman rule, which preserved the feeling of defiance and freedom and their ancient traditions and concepts, their music, dances, and folk songs. In 1674, Jean Giroud, an English consul in Athens, said: "The Klephts of the field, both here (in Attica) and in Morea, were all Arvanites." 103 . The Arbërs , wherever they fought Southeast Europe, were honored for their heroism as in the Alexander Ipsilant ‟s Uprising in Moldavia-Wallachia. They fought for Crete's freedom, where Arvanites like Delvinyoti, Hatzimichalis Dalianis, and Mitro Biniari fell fighting for freedom. Three centuries ago, Arvanitas fought for Cyprus's freedom, led by Arvanite Manoli Blesi, a poet, and he mentions all the other Arvanites. The latter fought in the siege of Lefkosia. As for the settlement of Arvanites on the island of Crete up to the depths of the island of Cyprus, there is also evidence, a document of the Elders of Venice, dated 30 April 1541, which states: “To dispatch four of our Albanian cavalry unit s with the leading commanders Pavlo Bua, Repush Buziqi, Jorgi Gerbeshi, and Aleksander Gabriera, and to order our units in Cyprus, Crete, Zanqintho, Kefalonia and other islands to assist them with land, property, etc.” 104 In 1854, Theodore Grivas, his son Dimiter Grivas, Spiridon Karaiskakis, Ioannis Kolokotronis Jr., Kole Plapoutas, the Tzavelis, the Botsaris, the Barnacioti, together with a large group of Arvanites, sons of the heroes of the Arvanite Uprising in 1821, marched to liberate Albania. This movement failed with the intensive intervention of France and England 105 . A certain number of Arvanites heroes of the Arvanite Uprising in 1821 were Georgio Kountouriotis, Kitsos Tsavelas, Antonio Kriezis, Teodor Kolokotronis, Markos Botsaris, Noti Botsaris, Kitsos Botsaris, Laskarina Bouboulina, Anastas Gjinokastra, Georgio Kanulis, Dimitrios Kanulis, 102 Aristeidis Kollias, Arvanitasit dhe Prejardhja e Grekëve, Tirana, 2002, p. 30. 103 Dhimitër GRILLO, Arvanitët dhe Shqiptarët në Luftën Çlirimtare të Popullit Grek, Tirana, 2003, p. 51. 104 Irakli KOÇOLLARI, Arvanitët, Tirana, 1994, p. 81. 105 Aristeidis Kollias, Arvanitasit dhe Prejardhja e Grekëve, Tirana, 2002, p. 477. 53 Andreas Miaoulis, Andrea Zaimi, Theodore Grivas, Dimitrios Plapoutas, Nikolaos Kriezotis, Athanasiou Skurtanioti, Hasan Belushi, Tahir Abazi, Ago Myhyrdani, Sulejman Meto, Gheko Bey, Myrto Cali, Ago Vasiari, and many more. Naim Frasheri, our national poet, would rightfully sing to the 1821 Arvanite Uprising's Albanian heroes. E kush e bëri Morenë (Greqinë)? Gjith shqiptarë qenë. S‟ishin shqiptar Marko Suli, Xhavela e Mjauli? Shqiptar, bir shqiptari, me armët e Shqipërisë, i hodhën themelin Greqisë. And who made Morea (Greece)? They were all Albanians. Wasn‟t Albanian Marko Souli (Botsaris), Tzavelas, and Miaoulis? Albanians and sons of Albanians, with Albania's arms, laid the foundations of Greece. Indeed, the Arvanite Uprising in 1821 was the work of Arvanites. Furthermore, nearly most of Greece's inhabitants spoke Albanian in the state created after 1821. Perhaps Arvanite fame forced Greeks to accept the Albanian kilt (alb. Fustanella) as their national dress. 106 In honor of Arvanite heroes' bravery, Greeks embraced this national costume worn from Kosovo to the Peloponnese and made it their own. However, Greeks distorted this beautiful dress by adding to the dress's sides from 60 to 200 folds. The jacket has loose sleeves, and the Albanians do not put their arms underneath, while Greeks do. The Albanian skirt is up to 10 cm below the knee, while Greeks shortened it so much that it only covers their buttocks. 10

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20. Greek police could not immediately confirm the case, but Nishanyan had said in October 2021 that he has been declared "persona non grata" by the Athens administration.

    The comprehensive study he made on the Turkish and Bulgarian names of settlements in the northern part of Greece could be the main reason, according to Nishanyan.

    Nishanyan had been jailed in Turkey in 2014 on charges of illegal construction in Sirince, an Aegean village in the hills amidst grapevines, peach and apple orchards.

    He escaped from a low-security prison in 2017 and settled in Greece.

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21. Christian Orthodox people belonged to the millet-i Rum, and progressively, Greek became the dominant means of communication amongst the members of the millet, who were called by others and were calling themselves. Romioi. Interestingly, the term 'Hellene' still signified for most people the pagan classical tradition, and it was a term that especially the clergy was keen to eliminate. Certain evocations of the term 'Hellene' by Byzantine scholars (e.g. in the twelfth century) contained some elements of contemporary ethnic identification, but it never acquired widespread currency, it never really "caught" on' (Beaton 2007: 93).

    Boys-Stones, G., Graziosi, B. and Vasunia, P., n.d. The Oxford handbook of Hellenic studies. p.21

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22. This was interesting to watch. In Turkish schools, we are taught "Greeks rebelled, and gained their independence with support of Western powers" which is correct in its core, but hides many details. I never knew that there was so much infighting in the Greek rebellion for instance. The Ottoman rule had missed great opportunity to use this to its advantage. And let the rebellion live for 6 years, which eventually led to western powers intervention.

    I also always wondered why Greece even has a king ? It doesn't make any sense, now it makes more sense.

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23. Kings and Generals: Idiotic historically-inaccurate Anglo-Saxon YouTube channel.

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24. Moldova and Wallachia took Greek Orthodox religion as their own they began to refer to themselves as Romans as it was done in Constantinople at the time. Hence Romanians are not ancestors of Rome but through their adopted religion they become a nation the people of Rome (Romanian) in name only.

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25. Kamikotoooo ı m gonna buy one of that 😀 very good man very good

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26. Im ilyrian-Albanian , I just want to salute my hellen-greek brothers, my Arvanitas brothers for fighting the ottoman invaders , just like Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu did 🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱

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27. 1897 greko turko war please

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28. The video itself is great and informative as always, but I believe it useful to mention that Kamikoto knives is owned by the same company as Established Titles and their claims have about the same level of truthfulness (I.e. very little). Their knives are mass-produced in China, the only thing Japanese about them is the name.

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29. Πως οι ξένοι τα ξέρουν αυτά; μιάμιση ώρα για την ελληνική επανάσταση!!!!!

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30. Message to Albanians. Stop trying to twist history. Albanians have NOTHING to do with the Greek war of independence( helping Greeks). Stop spreading lies.I Guess instead of selling drugs now they are users and start the paranoia.

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